← Grade 8
Individuals & Societies · Year 3

Grade 8 Individuals & Societies

The Age of Exploration, colonialism, the Industrial Revolution, and urbanisation — supported by primary and secondary source evaluation using OPVL. Choose a topic to begin studying.

Criteria A, B, C, D  |  Intermediate Band  |  2 Topics

Study Topics

Choose a Topic

OPVL — Source Evaluation

Both topics require you to evaluate historical sources using OPVL (Origin, Purpose, Value, Limitation). Always consider purpose — a source created to persuade may be biased, but this does not make it useless. It reveals the attitudes of its creator.

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Topic 5.1
Age of Exploration & Colonialism
Portuguese and Spanish exploration, God/Gold/Glory, Columbus, the Columbian Exchange, Treaty of Tordesillas, triangular trade, and colonialism's lasting effects.
Exploration Columbian Exchange Colonialism OPVL
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Topic 5.2
Industrial Revolution & Urbanisation
Causes of industrialisation, key inventions, the factory system, child labour, urbanisation, railways and canals, social change, and environmental impact.
Inventions Factory System Urbanisation Railways